Patere is the infinitive in indirect discourse. Created by. ... Sein Pech war, dass zum Zeitpunkt der Verschwörung ein gewisser Cicero Konsul war, der seine Augen und Ohren überall hatte und früh mitbekam, was Catilina plante. the oration of m. t. cicero in defence of publius sulla. It is probably equivalent to Nay, rather, but we find it difficult to speak in the high style, especially if Nay rather must be followed immo and etiam. ORATIO, QUA L. CATILINAM EMISIT IN SENATU HABITA : M. TULLIUS CICERO REDE, MIT DER ER L.CATILINA VERTRIEB IM SENAT GEHALTEN: I. Exordium (1-6a) Eingang [1] (1-5a): Dass Catilina im Senat erscheint, ist erstaunlich frech: Der Senat kennt seine Pläne und er, der Konsul Cicero, hätte ihn eigentlich längst töten lassen sollen. nihil:An emphatic negative introducing a question is often impatient: Will you NOT stop doing that? This parallelism alerts the audience to the possibility that the main verb of the first clause, iam pridem oportebat, will also be the main verb of the second clause. Bis zu welchem Zeitpunkt wird sich deine zügellose Frechheit aufschaukeln? riley_sheldon. [*] The basic main clause is: fuit ista virtus. Nam is a particle, or sentence connective. Cicero: In Catilinam 1.1. anima animae f. Atem; Seele; Leben animadvertere animadverto, animadverti, animadversum 1. beobachten; bemerken; wahrnehmen 2. gegen jemanden vorgehen (in + Akk.) It usually helps to see the simple structure of the sentence: fuit ista virtus ut viri suppliciis civem coercerent. Übungsklausur Cicero 1 Mediencode 7595-72 Cicero, in Catilinam 3,13ff . The case was a success and brought Cicero much renown as both an orator and advocate. Columbus, August 2011 von admin . Here, Cicero marks the beginning of a climax: after three verbs that summarize an outrageous situation (intellegit, videt, vivit), he climaxes with three more sentences that elaborate just what is outrageous. Gracchum mediocriter labefactantem statum rei publicae privatus interfecit: Oder hat der sehr angesehene Publius Scipio, ein Pontifex Maximus, wirklich Tiberius Gracchus, der die Lage der Republik mäßig erschütterte, eigenmächtig getötet: Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque incendiis vastare … Wie lange wirst du, Catilina, eigentlich noch unsere Geduld ausnutzen? Pro Murena. Alle Beiträge von TranslatorSententiae anzeigen. Summary of In Catilinam (Sections 1-19) STUDY. Veröffentlicht am Mai 26, 2020 Mai 22, 2020 von TranslatorSententiae. rei publicae: Is this a Dative with desum (see above) or a genitive with consilium? In this series, Prof. Noe looks at In Catilinam (Against Catiline), Cicero was a politician, lawyer, and an incredibly accomplished orator and author who was active in the 1st century B.C. The whole unit of three sentences forms a tri-colon crescendo. Nihil ... nihil ... nihil...: Each time that nihil is repeated the listener is taken back to the original nihil, that is in this case, to the beginning of the sentence. The first is a simple question; the second a subordinate question. Terms in this set (20) Section 1. Habemus senatus consultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave; non deest rei publicae consilium neque auctoritas huius ordinis: Wir haben einen starken und wichtigen Senatsbeschluss gegen dich, Catilina; dem Staat fehlt kein Entschluss und keine Autorität dieses Standes: wir, ich sage es offen, wir Konsuln fehlen. Beitrag nicht abgeschickt - E-Mail Adresse kontrollieren! Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. It is one of the remarkable features of this speech that the consul who begins feeling that his patience has been abused and that Catiline has "mockingly eluded" him, ends by asking for more patience and both demanding and predicting that Catiline will "escape" to the camp of Manlius. Here's a brief overview of ancient oratory. It is also tricky to keep track of the various subordinate structures: arbitraris> indirect discourse (accusative = infinitive construction); but this indirect discourse, quem ignorare, has already produced the indirect questions that began with quid proxima egeris (interrogative + subjunctive). Cicero: In Catilinam I. in nos: The relative clause begins quam tu IN NOS, with tu being enclitic again (it only indicates subject change), and this makes a stark contrast with IN TE. Here, Cicero is explaining the haste of his argument (praetereo) and why he is not going to give a list precedents (nimis antiqua). Flashcards. There is no unequivocally correct answer, but there is understanding and good judgment. Cicero's Catiline Orations were significant for their rhetorical brilliance and historical significance. 1. These three capping sentences are in a tri-colon crescendo. But remember, that, as often in Latin, the sentence goes backwards in terms of English expectations: qui sis < quem ignorare < arbitraris? Nevertheless, since 21 October, that is, for three weeks, he had had a Senatorial decree on his side advising that he see to it that he republic receive no harm: videant consules ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat. See next note. 3 Indirect Discourse 5 iam, diu, iam pridem, and iam dūdum 5 Participles in Cicero 5 vērus, -a, -um 7 Historical Precedent (1 of 2) 9 Historical Precedent (2 of 2) 9 Yes/No questions 9 After sī, nisi, num, and nē… 11 Gerundives, Gerunds, Passive Periphrastic 15 Relative Clause of … horum: Since Cataline was at the Senate meeting and being addressed, this demonstrative refers to those in the audience. sentis: A Table may help you see the parallelisms that produce the tri-colon crescendo: constrictam: The meaning of constrictam (constricted, limited, diminished) is the opposite of the parallel word, patere (wide open, exposed, clear). Pro Sulla. Almost all particples in Latin are predicative, that means that they contribute to the meaning of the predicate. Cicero's style in the Catilinam is very inflammatory and accusatory as he tries to persuade his fellow senators to recognize the danger posed by Catinline who sits among them. Ciceros house, as well as Catilines house, was on the Palatium, and in imperial time it became the place for the imperial residence. The demonstrative (see note above) points to the quality which produces the result clause, ut: that virtue .such that . But, if it is a defined as a complete thought, then tamen tells you that the two preceding sentences were really the equivalent to subordinate clauses (although the Senate knows, although the consul see, nevertheless he lives). Here, the position of the vocative, Catilina, is enclitic; that is, it lends emphasis to the word or phrase that precedes it. 11 Mar 2017) Each 35-page pdf contains translation sheets (US Letter, 8.5 x 11 inch), one page for each of the 35 lessons in the commentary. Do we have precedent or is this unparalleled?) Catilinam is parallel in form and position to Gracchum. English marks the difference by switching verb position: subject before verb for subordinate questions; verb before subject for simple questions. It is often best translated as if the quid were an adjective: what council. Both meanings are possible because a goal is a limit and a purpose is typically the end of an action (Compare the designation, final clause.). Here the apposition is perhaps more complex: it is sarcastic (or concessive). E-Mail-Überprüfung fehlgeschlagen, bitte versuche es noch einmal. bonorum:The substantival use of the adjective, boni, for the good men is common and filled with political implications. viri: virtus above is manly virtue; hence, viri fortes here. Invective is a species of epideictic oratory; that is, its function is to persuade the audience to hold a certain belief about value in the present. watches in the city? Match. The name, Ahala, means armpit; he received this cognomen because because, as the story goes, he killed Maelius with a dagger which he had hidden under his arm. Note also the equal length of the sentences and the devices by which a note of impatience is added to the questions. It is technically an internal accusative going with the verb: nihil te moverunt = they move you nothing, or they move you no moving. ( Abmelden /  During In Catilinam, Cicero reveals to the Roman Senate a plot by fellow senator Catiline to overthrow the government. protection for the Palatine? Many details of the story are doubted but there seems to be some basis in fact for it. In fact, structurally this word responds (in terms of what should have happened, oportebat)to what Cicero presents as the outrageous fact of the matter: vivit. Es gab, gab einmal in diesem Staat diese Tugend da, dass die tapferen Männer einen gefährlichen Bürger mit harten Strafen in Schranken hielten wie den grausamsten Feind. If it is a syntactical unit defined as having a main verb, then this is the third sentence after O tempora, o mores! Trage deine Daten unten ein oder klicke ein Icon um dich einzuloggen: Du kommentierst mit Deinem WordPress.com-Konto. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu sua occidit. Test. This threatened the aristocrats and they killed him for aspiring to revolution. The question arises then: does ista mean that virtue that you, Catiline, talk about [but do not show]? The contrast between a man acting as a private citizen and another acting as consul is about as great a contrast as one can imagine in the Roman political system. The digital Loeb Classical Library extends the founding mission of James Loeb with an interconnected, fully searchable, perpetually growing virtual library of all that is important in Greek and Latin literature. This decreee, known the be mocking name that Julius Caesar gave it, the Senatus Consultum Ultimum, was merely advisory; it had no legal force. 1 The Allobroges occupied the districts of Dauphiné and Savoy.. 2 Cinna and Sulla had been the two former Cornelii.. 3 A supplication was a solemn thanksgiving to the gods, decreed by the senate, when all the temples were opened and the statues of the gods placed in public upon couches (), to which the people offered up their thanksgivings and prayers. Now, it is important to note that I seem really means that in someone elses eyes I am seen. abutere: The speech begins as a form of invective, that is, it abuses Catiline in public; and what better way to abuse someone than by accusing them of abuse. The meaning, what did you do last night, is simply expressed in Latin: quid proxima nocte egit? a. Ahala killed without legal process Maelius in 439 BCE upon the suspicion that he was aiming at royal power. Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? I.1-3 Notes I.1-3 Notes. furor: Although the form of the middle phrase in these three sentences varies, the substance designates a moral failing of Catiline in each case: abuse, madness, uncontrol. Coming like this at the end of the sentence, they are often the equivalent of an appended proposition, that is, they add to the original statement (We have an S.C. against you) a new statement ( and it is fierce and severe.). consilii: quid + genitive is a common way of denoting an indefinite amount or quality of something; the genitive is a partitive genitive. If so, Cicero begins his by taking Catiline's speech away from him, by both making that speech his own and by mocking Catiline. This is important because the passive form of video actually controls indirect discourse (just like the active form). the speech of m. t. cicero in defence of caius rabirius, accused of treason. In Catilinam 1. iam pridem oportebat: The imperfect of the verb, oportebat, means that the propriety of this action was continuous during the past; the meaning of the adverb, already before this moment, means that the same propriety had been continuing for some time before that. patientia nostra: utor and its compounds take the ablative of means to complete their meaning. An is used by itself to give a sense of impatience, as if the first question was ellipted in haste to get to the more important question. Ändern ), Du kommentierst mit Deinem Google-Konto. PLAY. The Catiline or Catilinarian Orations are a set of speeches to the Roman Senate given in 63 BC by Marcus Tullius Cicero, one of the year's consuls, accusing a senator, Lucius Sergius Catilina, of leading a plot to overthrow the Roman Senate. deest: Desum means to be (sum) apart, absent (de), to lack. Translated simply: "abuse our patience". Catil.]. This means that the participle phrase, constrictam ... scientia, adds additional information to the statement; that is, it is predicative and most predicative modifications can be translated as if they were a new predicate (that is, a new sentence): Dont you see that your conspiracy has been constricted and is held . 230 N. Oval Mall Fearful that attempts might be made to rescue the condemned men, Cicero personally conducted a B.C. So verhinderte Cicero die Verschwörung und ließ Catilina und seine Leute festnehmen und später hinrichten. Cicero’s 1st Catilinarian (pdf, 8.3 MB, 1st ed., rev. The structure of thought in this sentence is: non consilium, neque auctoritas, [sed] nos. That means that everything you are waiting for in order to make sense of the words, you are still waiting for. In any event, the unusual idiom and its redundancy point to the major question this speech sets for itself to answer: when will something happen? duci: Passive present infinitive with oportet. coercerent: The basic meaning, to restrain, came to be equivalent to to punish when the subject suggested official action; in other words, in Rome official restraint of undesired activity is punishment and vice-versa. novis rebus: res novae, literally new things, was a political catch word for revolution in Rome. Ändern ). privatus: Masculine nominative singular adjective. non: Like nihil above, this sets up an anaphora (or repetition of the same word) non in the parallel phrase: non vides. Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? consili: The genitive, publici consili, goes with particeps: subjective or objective? iussu: With passive verbs, here the passive infinitive, you should expect expressions of agency and means. Consider, Ladies and Gentlemen, I would like to introduce. It seems to be a general principle of rhetoric that you preempt your opponent by accusing him of the very thing you are yourself doing. Learn. To understand the construction, take as your model: arbitraris> aliquem ignorare> qui sis = Do you think > that anyone does not know > who you are? Betreff des Beitrags: Übersetzung Cicero - In Catilinam prima 1.1-1.3. Because of this association, the word came into English as palace. The difference is that with the subjunctive the thought is "we've done enough if we avoid"; with the indicative the sentence is, "if we avoid, we think we've done enought.". ( Abmelden /  Literally: a place for Senate-holding. vero: Here, vero means truly, and might be translated by in fact. 324) at Amazon.com. Catilina: The direct address to Catiline marks this speech as a species of invective; that is, it is not addressed to the Senators (deliberative oratory) or to a judge and jury (forensic oratory). Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac re publica virtus, ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam acerbissimum hostem coercerent. Informiere mich über neue Beiträge per E-Mail. An vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, Ti. Video means I see, but videor means I am seen or I seem. Some modern historians, and ancient sources such as Sallust, suggest that Catiline was a more complex character than Cicero's writings declare, and that Cicero … O tempora: The accusative of exclamation is best thought of as a figure of speech that ellipts, or leaves out, the verb that would, except for the impetuous impatience of the speaker, be spoken. usque is redundant with tandem; it has been argued that this redundancy was a feature of Catilines impatient style. iste tuus: iste is the second person demonstrative meaning "that beside you"; tuus, the possessive adjective of the second person, intensifies the "beside you" sense of iste. senatus is senats, that is, it is a genitive of senatus, -s, M. The phrase habendi senatus is a gerundive phrase in the genitive that modifies locus. Oratio prima Nicole Ortner prosa 1 In Catilinam Einführung Wie lange noch wirst du, Catilina, unsere Geduld mißbrauchen? ista: This is the second person demonstrative; it usually refers to the person you are talking to and usually means, that of yours. In Catilinam. ut: The basic elements of the result clause are only 4: subject (viri), means (suppliciis), direct object (civem) and subjunctive verb in secondary sequence (coercerent). 26 Cicero, in Catilinam (English) [genre: prose] [Cic. Cicero is making a case by setting two examples side by side: Scipio, though a private citizen, did this when something mediocre was happening; we, though consules, are patient though the world is threatened. OH An: An introduces the second of two alternative questions: utrum an or ne an? Cicero. 3. This negative pronoun, literally nothing, is a common way of making an emphatic adverb, not at all. Cicero: In Catilinam – Buch 1, Kapitel 11 – Übersetzung. Therefore, after egeris you are still waiting for the main verb of the sentence (hence, the graphic >). The dative is determined by studeo, which takes the dative when it means eager for. watches throughout the city? Now, in Latin, the subjunctive mood, itself just a tiny change in the sound of the verb, causes the same change in the perception of the sentence as this tiny shift in word order does in English. Ich übergehe nämlich jene allzu alten Dinge, dass Gaius Servilius Ahala den nach Umsturz strebenden Spurius Maelius mit seiner Hand tötete. [*] A sentence is a notoriously difficult thing to define precisely. [*] In English and in Latin we often elipt the elements of a phrase or clause that do not need to be repeated. (178 Wörter) Cicero berichtet dem Volk, wie ihm in einer spektakulären Aktion handfeste Beweise gegen die in Rom zurückgebliebenen Verschwörer Catilinas in die Hände gefallen sind und er dem Senat darüber berichtet hat. The genitive case is used to make any noun into an adjective. or that virtue that you, Ahala and Scipio, showed in your actions? In the later speeches, he urges the Senate to issue a decree approving of his actions as Consul against Catiline and to ratify his plea to execute Cataline's co-conspirators. Od. (e.g., Are you going or will you stay? Lateinischer Text: Deutsche Übersetzung: Liber primus: Buch 1, Kapitel 11: Magna deis inmortalibus habenda est atque huic ipsi Iovi Statori, antiquissimo custodi huius urbis, gratia, quod hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem totiens iam effugimus. text catil. Their beginnings are all terms of temporal duration; their middles are all terms that refer to Catiline's moral failings; their ends are a climax: from abuse to mockery to recklessness. It was against the law to kill or exile any Roman citizen without a vote of the people and in 59BCE Cicero was in fact tried and exiled for his actions at this time. 414 University Hall The Exordium is the formal beginning of a speech. This is one of Cicero’s most famous speeches, and one of the most popular selections of Latin prose. As a result you should learn to notice them and hold in your mind the fact that te is the direct object of a verb you have yet to see. scientia: After a perfect passive participle (or in a passive participle phrase) you should expect some designation of the means by which something is done; this is an ablative of means. In most circumstances, this means [Please, settle down and be] Ladies and Gentlemen, [because] I would like to introduce . a As soon as he heard from the envoys the details of their plans, Cicero summoned Lucius Valerius Flaccus b and Gaius Pomptinus, two of the praetors and both men of wide military experience. Here, one might imagine the ellipsis of something like I contemn . ( Abmelden /  rei publicae: The dative is used to designate the person for whom something. Here, the quam clause compares the punishment (acrioribus suppliciis) of citizens with the punishment enemies. The best translation would be just Or. 05 Apr 2020) 10 X 7 in. And, in fact, it is. A simple example would be, He is thoughtless. the oration of m. t. cicero in defence of l. murena, prosecuted for bribery. nostrum: This is tricky. Te: the oblique cases of the personal pronouns find themselves in enclitic position:they emphasize the word that precedes. Spurius Maelius was, according to legend, a wealthy plebeian who tried to alleviate a corn shortage by private donations. 50. or is it one of those rare but exampled uses of iste as an emphatic demonstrative without any particular second-person reference? Here one may feel a contrast between the importance of the action and the insignificance of the position; if so, translate as if a concessive, though only a private citizen. audacia: There is a climax here in the movement from "patience" to "mockery" to "recklessness". Lateiner: Registriert: 20.01.2010, 15:40 Beiträge: 2 Hallo, ich fände es super, wenn jemand eine Übersetzung von Cicero - In Catilinam prima 1.1 - 1.3 ins Netz stellen könnte! the speech of m. t. cicero for aulus licinius archias, the poet the speech of m. t. cicero … immo is a particle that is used in the high style. Quem ad finem: Both in the sense of towards what limit, and so a repetition of the idea in quam diu and in quo usque tandem, and in the sense of towards what goal, purpose. If so, Cicero begins his by taking Catiline's speech away from him, by both making that speech his own and by mocking Catiline. vitemus: If videmur creates a situation of virtual indirect discourse, then subordinate clauses dependent upon the verb [satis]facere will be in the subjunctive as subordinate clauses in indirect discourse.The manuscripts also offer vitamus. In this course, Dr Andrew Sillett (University of Oxford) provides an introduction to Cicero's life and times through six legal and political speeches, from his first speech (Pro Roscio Amerino), delivered when he was just 26, through the speeches that would shape the last years of the Roman Republic and his own death at the hands of hired thugs. vero can mean either truly or but truly; here, it means but truly. Habemus: Cicero turns to the present in comparison with the past. fueris: ubi is an interrogative in paralles with quid; fueris is another perfect subjunctive in parallel with egeris; therefore, we are still waiting for our main verb. 1; 2; Kapitel 1. plus Indirect Discourse will continue in the next two sentences. An vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, Ti. 2. oder (im direkten FS.) T. Gracchus: The elder of two brothers who at the end of the 2nd century tried to reform land distribution in order to relieve Rome of some of the problems of the urban poor. This usage was extended first to nouns that were made from verb stems (e.g., oratio in Catilinam and, as here, consultum in te). Ad mortem: This is a bold threat. The reason for this emphasis on the second person is that conversation and discourse usually involves two people in "our" discussion. cupientem: The present active participle in parallel in form and sentence structure to labefactantem. Compound verbs, especially compounds of the verb to be, take the dative case: desum tibi: I am absent from/for you. Cicero: In Catilinam 1.3 – TranslatorSententiae. Gravity. This commentary is now available on Amazon.com.. 2. Ändern ), Du kommentierst mit Deinem Facebook-Konto. facere: Infinitive with videor. omnium: Subjective genitive (hi omnes sciunt coniurationem tuam) or objective genitive ([aliqui] sciunt hos omnes)? In English we do this with prepositional phrases (the Romance language way: the driver of the bus) or we do it by putting nouns in front of other nouns (the Germanic way: the bus driver). urbis: See above on the Genitive Case: watches for the city? Werden wir Konsuln erdulden, dass der begehrende Catilina die Welt mit Mord und Brandstiftungen verwüsten wird? consules: In position and in function, parallel to privates. This is a judgment call, but the parallelism with auctoritas huius ordinis suggests rather strongly that it is the genitive with consilium: a governmental play. Ihr Blog kann leider keine Beiträge per E-Mail teilen. He was the official representative of the college of priests. Catilinarische Rede (lateinisch / deutsch) (deutsch nach C.N.v.Osiander) Non: Emphatic non often looks forward to an explicit or implicit sed. This function is similarly expressed in English with the preposition "for": He marked them out for. And in truth, a very distinguished man, Publius Scipio, the Pontifex Maximus, as a private man, killed Tiberius Gracchus who was only slightly shaking the state of the republic. Cicero: In Catilinam oratio prima 3 von 38 amplus -a, -um weit; groß an 1. ob (im indirekten FS.) During recent months, in fact, Cicero had himself defended Rabirius, who was prosecuted in 63 BCE for his actions in 100 BCE, when as consul he used the authority of the decree to kill Saturninus without a proper trial. I the past, however, it had been used to justify extreme action against revolutionaries like Gaius Gracchus and Saturninus. te: te is enclitic and emphasizes mortem, the emphatic word in the sentence. timor populi without a context in expressions like this (a verbal noun and a genitive noun), the genitive noun could be either a subjective genitive (the peoples fear = populus timet) or an objective genitive (fear of the people = [aliquis] timet populum). Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? ( Abmelden /  cicero’s in catilinam i- ii & iii 1-10: a new translation with text and commenary by e. h. campbell inopibus press: missoula, mt first edition Wie lange wird uns auch dieser dein Wahnsinn verspotten? hic locus was the Temple of Jupiter Stator on the Palatine Hill facing the Sacra Via. classics@osu.edu, Designed and built by ASCTech Web Services, The Phaedon John Kozyris and Litsa Kozyris Travel Award, The Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Greek and Latin, Graduate Interdisciplinary Specialization: Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean, Graduate Program on Classical Antiquity and the Near East, The Miltiadis Marinakis Endowed Professorship of Modern Greek Language and Culture, Honoring the memory of Phaedon J. Kozyris, Visual Resources in the Teaching of Modern Greece, Subordinate Clauses in Indirect Discourse, Here's a brief overview of ancient oratory, subordinate clauses in indirect discourse, If you have a disability and experience difficulty accessing this site, please contact us for assistance via email at. The major difference is that the subject of the infinitive is the same as the subject of the passive videmur and so it is not expressed. Lateinischer Text: Deutsche Übersetzung: Liber primus Buch 1, Kapitel 4 Decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet; nox nulla intercessit; Der Senat hat einst beschlossen, dass Lucius Opimius darauf achten soll, dass der … Weiterlesen → Nam illa nimis antiqua praetereo, quod C. Servilius Ahala Sp. Rede gegen Catilina -> Übersetzung: Latein 12GK der KGS Schwanewede 1998/99 ... [3] Hat doch der höchst angesehene Mann P. Scipio, der höchste Priester, den T. Gracchus, obwohl er den Zustand des Staates nur mäßig umstürzte, in eigener Vollmacht getötet. Wörtliche und möglichst schülerhafte Übersetzungen lateinischer Texte :D. Gib deine E-Mail-Adresse ein, um TranslatorSententiae zu folgen und per E-Mail Benachrichtigungen über neue Beiträge zu erhalten. When one part of this "I - you" exchange is designated as "yours", it is felt to violate the presumption that the conversants are involved in a common enterprise. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Cicero: In Catilinam 1-4. In English we say either it had been for some time now proper. Here, you can translate the genitive, Palati, with the best prepositional phrase that gets the sense: guard of the Palatine? It's function is threefold: to make the audience attentus (or "attentive" -- because you cannot persuade if your audience is not paying attention), docilis (or "teachable" -- because you cannot persuade unless your audience can learn from you) and benevolus (or "benevolent" -- because you cannot persuade unless you make a good impression on your audience.
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